【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforSelectingandUsingEcologicalEndpointsforContaminatedSites
【原文标准名称】:生态污染点的选择和使用的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTME1848-1996(2008)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1996
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E47.05
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:assessmentendpoint;measurementendpoint;Assessment/Assesors--environmentalapplications;Contamination--environmental;Ecologicalconsiderations;Endpointanalysis;Environmentalsiteassessment(ESA);Measurementendpoint;Wastematerials/processing/a
【摘要】:Thisguideassumesthatadecisionhasbeenmadethatanecologicalriskassessmentisrequiredforacontaminatedsite.Insomecases,thisdecisioncouldbemadebeforeanysitedataarecollected.Theselectionofassessmentendpoints(definedasecologicalvaluestobeprotected)andmeasurementendpoints(ecologicalcharacteristicsrelatedtotheassessmentendpoints)isacriticalstepinconductinganecologicalriskassessment.Endpointselectionidentifiesthoseeffectswhichareecologicallysignificantandnotmerelythosethatareadverse,thusprovidingamorerationalanddefensiblebasisformakingriskandremedialdecisions.Thisguideprovidesanapproachforidentifying,selectingandusingassessmentandmeasurementendpointsinanecologicalriskassessmentforacontaminatedsite.Thisguidehasbeendevelopedbecausethereisnouniversal,simplemeasureofecologicalhealthanalogoustomeasuresusedinhumanhealthriskassessment.Assessmentandmeasurementendpointshavetobeidentifiedandselectedfromavarietyofindividualcircumstancesonastressor-,ecosystem-andscale-specificbasis.Itisimportanttorecognizethatadiversesetofecologicalendpointscouldberequiredforaspecificsite.Thisguideisintendedtobeusedprimarilybyabiologist,ecologist,ecotoxicologist,orateamofenvironmentalscientistsduringproblemformulationandworkplandevelopmentpriortoinitiatingdatacollectionactivitiesatacontaminatedsite(3-8,10).Ecologicalriskassessmentisusuallyaniterativeprocess.Inmanycircumstancesitproceedsasaseriesoftiers,thatis,desktop/screening,preliminary,anddetailed/focusedphases.Thisguidecanbeusedtorefineormodifyassessmentandmeasurementendpointsdevelopedinearlierphasesoftheprocess.Thisguidecanbeusedwheneverassessmentandmeasurementendpointsmustbeidentifiedandselectedfollowinganinitialorpreliminaryproblemformulation/planningphase:Analysisphase(exposureassessment,hazard/effectsassessment,stress/dose-responseassessment;Riskcharacterizationphase;orRemediationphaseandpossiblesubsequentecologicalmonitoring.Thisguideisintendedtobeusedintheevaluationofbaselineconditions(currentandfuture)andintheevaluationofconditionsresultingfromremedialactionsorcorrectivemeasures.1.1Thisguidecoversanapproachtoidentification,selection,anduseofecologicalendpoints(bothassessmentandmeasurementendpoints)(1-8)thataresusceptibletothedirectandindirecteffectsofbothchemicalandnon-chemicalstressorsoragentsassociatedwithwastesandcontaminatedmediaatspecificsitesundercurrentandfuturelanduses.Itdoesnotaddressassessmentandmeasurementendpointsfornon-sitespecificstudies(forexample,chemical-specificorregionalriskassessments)ormeasurementsinabioticmedia(soil,water,orair).1.2Thisguideaddressesonlytheidentification,selection,anduseofassessmentandmeasurementendpoints,notthefullrangeofactivitiesthatoccurinanecologicalassessmentorecologicalriskassessmentatacontaminatedsite(1,3-8).TheseactivitiesareaddressedinotherASTMguidesandreferencesprovidedattheendofthisguide.1.3Thisguideisintendedtoidentifyassessmentandmeasurementendpointstobeusedforscreening,preliminary,focused,detailed,andquantitativeecologicalriskassessmentsconductedinalinearoriterativefashion(3,8).Thisisapartial,incompletelistingofpossiblelevelsofassessment.Inatieredecologicalriskassessment,itmaybenecessarytoredefineecologicalendpointswhenplanningtocollectmoredataorwhenadditionalsitedataareobtainedandeval......
【中国标准分类号】:Z04
【国际标准分类号】:
【页数】:11P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:Spacesystems-Non-destructivetesting-Automaticultrasonicinspectionmethodofgraphiteingotforsolidrocketmotors
【原文标准名称】:航天系统.无损试验.固体火箭发动机石墨锭用自动超声波检测方式
【标准号】:ISO10830-2011
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:国际
【发布日期】:2011-07
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:国际标准化组织(IX-ISO)
【起草单位】:ISO/TC20
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:Aerospacetransport;Airtransport;Definitions;Graphite;Graphitematerials;Inspection;Materialstesting;Non-destructivetesting;Rocketengines;Rocketmotors;Rockets;Solids;Spacetransport;Testing;Ultrasonictesting;Ultrasonics
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:V31
【国际标准分类号】:49_140
【页数】:25P;A4
【正文语种】:英语